Naturalization is one of the legal mechanisms provided in the Brazilian Migration Law that allows a foreign national to acquire Brazilian nationality. Among the existing modalities, ordinary naturalization with a reduced residence period stands out for those who have family ties with Brazilians, such as marriage or a stable union. This legal provision recognizes that forming a family unit in Brazil represents a significant link of social, cultural, and economic integration, justifying a differentiated treatment in the time required to apply. Thus, a foreigner who lives legally in the country and maintains a marital relationship with a Brazilian can obtain citizenship more quickly, provided they meet the legal requirements and present the necessary documentation.
How Does Naturalization Work in Brazil?
The general period required to apply for ordinary naturalization is four uninterrupted years of residence in Brazil, counted from the date the residence permit is obtained. However, the Article 66 of the Migration Law¹ provides that this period shall be reduced to just one year when the applicant is married to a Brazilian or maintains a stable union, provided that the relationship is formally recognized and in effect at the time of the application. This reduction is based on the principle of facilitating the integration of the foreigner into Brazilian society, reinforced by the family bond and the stability of the relationship. In addition to the residence requirement, the applicant must demonstrate the ability to communicate in Portuguese, usually assessed through tests administered by the Ministry of Justice or by presenting a proficiency certificate, and submit criminal background checks, duly apostilled and translated when necessary, showing no criminal convictions in either Brazil or the country of origin.
The application process is entirely administrative. The applicant must fill out the application form, attach the required documents, and submit them for review. Once the request is filed, the General Coordination for Naturalization will analyze the case and may request additional information. If approved, the decision will be published officially, and it will be granted to the applicant, the rights of a natural-born Brazilian citizen, except for those rights exclusive to that condition, such as certain public offices (Diplomatic careers for example) and specific political positions.
Conclusion
Naturalization with a reduced residence period due to marriage or stable union is a valuable opportunity for foreigners who wish to consolidate their stay in Brazil and fully integrate into the national community. More than just a bureaucratic procedure, it is a significant legal step that grants security, expands rights, and provides official recognition of the family bond before the Brazilian State. If you are a foreigner, live in a marital union with a Brazilian, and meet the legal requirements, begin your naturalization process as soon as possible. Our law firm has over a decade of experience in immigration. Contact us and let us assist you with your naturalization process!
André L. C. Delziovo
¹ https://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/_ato2015-2018/2017/lei/l13445.htm
